Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Обращаюсь к специалистам. Занимаюсь данной проблемой всего два года, но к определенному выводу так и не пришел. Выходы во всех случаях получаются мизерные, что меня весьма растраивает. Продукты приходится чистить с помощью ВЭЖХ. И в заключении ко всему - отвратительно кристаллизуются.
Уважающие себя физики и математики обходят стороной антинаучных художников рисущих молекулы и называющих себя химиками.
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Хе-хе...
Изложил я однажды (декабрь 2002 г) свои воззрения на этот счёт на представительном англоязычном форуме-рассылке (ABRF)... Предлагаю коллеге Nickochem для начала ознакомиться с ними (в оригинале, переводить - сил нет)... с тех пор мало что изменилось
Original message:
>Hi all,
>After spending a few hours searching for that manuscript I "know" must be out there, I have resorted to pleading with the combined wisdom of this list.
>I am after a reference that discusses the prevalence of Fmoc based SPPS over Boc based. I assume this is correct not being a practicing peptide chemist any more, since Fmoc provides a wider range of conditions under which the chemistries can be used allowing broader application of orthogonal synthetic strategies and practically the cleavage is more convenient (TFA vs. HF).
>Any suggestions greatly appreciated.
>Dr Anthony W Purcell
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Most of us like the idea of not having to work with HF. We also don't like the idea of TFA in our automated synthesizers. Our Environmental Health and Safety personnel appreciate this as well. From what I can gather the gospel of Fmoc vs. Boc chemistry is much like the often theological debate between Mac vs. PC users. You will find fanatics on both sides. Most of us newer users like Fmoc because of the milder reaction/cleavage conditions. From what I understand from some of my commercial vendors - Fmoc is the predominant method of choice for SPPS but they do have personnel and areas where Boc chemistry is performed.
Robin Daskin
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dear Anthony:
You asked a *VERY GOOD* question. Personally, I'm seriously addicted to Boc chemistry.
IMHO, Fmoc chemistry is a triumph of idea/feeling of progress over chemical common sense.
At least Robert Sheppard ended with conclusion that his Fmoc approach is NOT superior to Boc-technique. I've heard this with my own ears in 1991.
If my memory works, most of the initial program statements made by Sheppard in the middle seventies have not survived over the years. One may check this in EPS/APS proceedings of that period. Only safety considerations remain true.
In general, I agree with Robin Daskin on safety considerations. However, during the period of 20+ years we had 2 serious accidents with TFA, but none with HF (I knock on wood
). I would say that most unpleasant and serious problem with HF is that valves on cylinders tend to jam. I have already 2 irreversibly jammed cylinders in my collection with more than 2 kg HF in each... A dangerous variants of "suitcase without handle"!
I recall that one day I saw in the ABRF archives the results of an early PSRG study devoted to Boc vs. Fmoc comparison. It is clear that the results of such studies depend critically on the model sequence.
For those who are in doubts about CHEMICAL superiority of Boc technique I suggest to consider comparative Boc vs. Fmoc of, say,
RWRRDGQWDHNGWDSDAC
Regards,
<Upstream>, a staunch supporter of Boc/Bzl technique
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>RWRRDGQWDHNGWDSDAC
I am far from a veteran peptide chemist. I was looking at the sequence nasty you sent out. I was wondering - Since I would only have Fmoc at my disposal. The DS might be an opportunity to cheat with a pseudoproline dipeptide. I have also had good luck using Fmoc-Asp(ADA)-OH for the other Asp groups. If I was worried about the multiple arginines I might try putting Fmoc-(Arg)-Pmc-OH next door to Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH. This leaves the multiple tryptophans which can be a royal pain. Help this beginner. Are there any other issues with this sequence? I do not have my Chan and White with me and I am viewing this sequence from home.
Thanks.
Robin Daskin
Genencor International, Inc.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dear Robin:
The one attempting to synthesize this peptide using all latest improvements of Fmoc-chemistry, will get a real chance to hit the Guinness book in the nomination "the most expensive SPPS". And yet, I'm not sure that he will be able to obtain practical amounts of the correct sequence. I tried to compress into this peptide the most serious problems of Fmoc-technique I know.
Fortunately, this never happens in real life. (:-)))
RWRR{DG}->QW{DH}{NG}W{DS}{DA}C
1) [D,N][G,S,A,H] - aspartimide/piperidine adduct/beta aspartyl peptide formation and in case of A, H you have no commercially available solution like pseudoproline/backbone protection. I'm absolutely sure that adding HOBt*H2O to piperidine removes only aspartimide and piperidide by-products, but leaves beta aspartyl peptides. The later are rarely resolved from their normal alfa isomers in HPLC.
2) slow coupling of Fmoc(Hmb)GlyOH or Hmb-protected dipeptide to Gln may result in high percent of chain termination due to pyroglutamic acid formation;
3) in case of peptides having multiply R and W the danger of Trp modification persists even with Trp(Boc)s;
4) C-terminal Cys may give, depending on thiol protecting group:
- racemization;
- beta-piperidyl alanine;
- irreversible reattachment to resin via side chain SH;
+) You can never be sure in the expected yield of your peptide because no-one measured stability to piperidine of C-terminal AA bond to spacer arms.
++) Aggregation has much more serious consequences in Fmoc chemistry, because in Boc SPPS any aggregates are disrupted by TFA prior to coupling step.
+++) Everybody appreciates that Fmoc is orthogonal to Boc/Bu-t, but the fact that Fmoc is not absolutely stable towards free N-terminus is not that popular. I mean that, say, N-terminal Pro can deprotect Fmoc in the activated ester and give rise to some double incorporation. This can take place when N-terminus is buried due to aggregation.
*) Finally, a possibility to separate any by-product by HPLC becomes more and more problematic when you move from middle-sized peptides to longer peptides.
Best,
<Upstream>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Actually, in my company we have used those expensive options to save my skin and get some nice high quality peptides. My internal customers are more than happy to pay for these extras in raw material costs when they are justified. Having a company located in California - the last thing you want is to have to dispose of all that nice HF hazardous waste. The costs of the latest innovations in Fmoc chemistry might be counterbalanced by the disposal costs of HF based wastes here. If it came down to having to resort to Boc synthesis I would then go to one of my vendors who can do Boc chemistry where they are equipped to handle the HF issues.
Sometimes "Man (or Woman) plans . . . and the ribosome laughts!"
Robin Daskin
Изложил я однажды (декабрь 2002 г) свои воззрения на этот счёт на представительном англоязычном форуме-рассылке (ABRF)... Предлагаю коллеге Nickochem для начала ознакомиться с ними (в оригинале, переводить - сил нет)... с тех пор мало что изменилось
Original message:
>Hi all,
>After spending a few hours searching for that manuscript I "know" must be out there, I have resorted to pleading with the combined wisdom of this list.
>I am after a reference that discusses the prevalence of Fmoc based SPPS over Boc based. I assume this is correct not being a practicing peptide chemist any more, since Fmoc provides a wider range of conditions under which the chemistries can be used allowing broader application of orthogonal synthetic strategies and practically the cleavage is more convenient (TFA vs. HF).
>Any suggestions greatly appreciated.
>Dr Anthony W Purcell
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Most of us like the idea of not having to work with HF. We also don't like the idea of TFA in our automated synthesizers. Our Environmental Health and Safety personnel appreciate this as well. From what I can gather the gospel of Fmoc vs. Boc chemistry is much like the often theological debate between Mac vs. PC users. You will find fanatics on both sides. Most of us newer users like Fmoc because of the milder reaction/cleavage conditions. From what I understand from some of my commercial vendors - Fmoc is the predominant method of choice for SPPS but they do have personnel and areas where Boc chemistry is performed.
Robin Daskin
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dear Anthony:
You asked a *VERY GOOD* question. Personally, I'm seriously addicted to Boc chemistry.
IMHO, Fmoc chemistry is a triumph of idea/feeling of progress over chemical common sense.
At least Robert Sheppard ended with conclusion that his Fmoc approach is NOT superior to Boc-technique. I've heard this with my own ears in 1991.
If my memory works, most of the initial program statements made by Sheppard in the middle seventies have not survived over the years. One may check this in EPS/APS proceedings of that period. Only safety considerations remain true.
In general, I agree with Robin Daskin on safety considerations. However, during the period of 20+ years we had 2 serious accidents with TFA, but none with HF (I knock on wood
I recall that one day I saw in the ABRF archives the results of an early PSRG study devoted to Boc vs. Fmoc comparison. It is clear that the results of such studies depend critically on the model sequence.
For those who are in doubts about CHEMICAL superiority of Boc technique I suggest to consider comparative Boc vs. Fmoc of, say,
RWRRDGQWDHNGWDSDAC
Regards,
<Upstream>, a staunch supporter of Boc/Bzl technique
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>RWRRDGQWDHNGWDSDAC
I am far from a veteran peptide chemist. I was looking at the sequence nasty you sent out. I was wondering - Since I would only have Fmoc at my disposal. The DS might be an opportunity to cheat with a pseudoproline dipeptide. I have also had good luck using Fmoc-Asp(ADA)-OH for the other Asp groups. If I was worried about the multiple arginines I might try putting Fmoc-(Arg)-Pmc-OH next door to Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH. This leaves the multiple tryptophans which can be a royal pain. Help this beginner. Are there any other issues with this sequence? I do not have my Chan and White with me and I am viewing this sequence from home.
Thanks.
Robin Daskin
Genencor International, Inc.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dear Robin:
The one attempting to synthesize this peptide using all latest improvements of Fmoc-chemistry, will get a real chance to hit the Guinness book in the nomination "the most expensive SPPS". And yet, I'm not sure that he will be able to obtain practical amounts of the correct sequence. I tried to compress into this peptide the most serious problems of Fmoc-technique I know.
Fortunately, this never happens in real life. (:-)))
RWRR{DG}->QW{DH}{NG}W{DS}{DA}C
1) [D,N][G,S,A,H] - aspartimide/piperidine adduct/beta aspartyl peptide formation and in case of A, H you have no commercially available solution like pseudoproline/backbone protection. I'm absolutely sure that adding HOBt*H2O to piperidine removes only aspartimide and piperidide by-products, but leaves beta aspartyl peptides. The later are rarely resolved from their normal alfa isomers in HPLC.
2) slow coupling of Fmoc(Hmb)GlyOH or Hmb-protected dipeptide to Gln may result in high percent of chain termination due to pyroglutamic acid formation;
3) in case of peptides having multiply R and W the danger of Trp modification persists even with Trp(Boc)s;
4) C-terminal Cys may give, depending on thiol protecting group:
- racemization;
- beta-piperidyl alanine;
- irreversible reattachment to resin via side chain SH;
+) You can never be sure in the expected yield of your peptide because no-one measured stability to piperidine of C-terminal AA bond to spacer arms.
++) Aggregation has much more serious consequences in Fmoc chemistry, because in Boc SPPS any aggregates are disrupted by TFA prior to coupling step.
+++) Everybody appreciates that Fmoc is orthogonal to Boc/Bu-t, but the fact that Fmoc is not absolutely stable towards free N-terminus is not that popular. I mean that, say, N-terminal Pro can deprotect Fmoc in the activated ester and give rise to some double incorporation. This can take place when N-terminus is buried due to aggregation.
*) Finally, a possibility to separate any by-product by HPLC becomes more and more problematic when you move from middle-sized peptides to longer peptides.
Best,
<Upstream>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Actually, in my company we have used those expensive options to save my skin and get some nice high quality peptides. My internal customers are more than happy to pay for these extras in raw material costs when they are justified. Having a company located in California - the last thing you want is to have to dispose of all that nice HF hazardous waste. The costs of the latest innovations in Fmoc chemistry might be counterbalanced by the disposal costs of HF based wastes here. If it came down to having to resort to Boc synthesis I would then go to one of my vendors who can do Boc chemistry where they are equipped to handle the HF issues.
Sometimes "Man (or Woman) plans . . . and the ribosome laughts!"
Robin Daskin
Последний раз редактировалось Upstream Пн дек 14, 2009 3:38 am, всего редактировалось 1 раз.
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Прилагаю несколько статеек по теме с исследованиями на случайных объектах синтеза.
У вас нет необходимых прав для просмотра вложений в этом сообщении.
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Уже читаю, спасибо.
Уважающие себя физики и математики обходят стороной антинаучных художников рисущих молекулы и называющих себя химиками.
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Boc/Bzl вроде тоже имеет свои недостатки. Алкилирование триптофана, например.
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
С триптофаном проблемы ПОЛНОСТЬЮ улажены: Trp(For) or Trp(Coc).
Из проигрышных моментов можно назвать образование дикетопиперазинов и пироглутаминовой кислоты, катализируемое карбоновыми кислотами. Подробнее - чуть позже.
Из проигрышных моментов можно назвать образование дикетопиперазинов и пироглутаминовой кислоты, катализируемое карбоновыми кислотами. Подробнее - чуть позже.
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
А что это за защита - Coc?
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Наверно cinnamyloxycarbonyl, но в сокращённом варианте звучит веселееhorks писал(а):А что это за защита - Coc?
- suprachemister
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Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Так немного от себя добавлю...
Amino Acid-Protecting Groups
Albert Isidro-Llobet,† Mercedes A´ lvarez,*,†,‡,§ and Fernando Albericio*,†,‡,|
Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2455–2504 Chemical Synthesis of Natural Product Peptides: Coupling Methods for the
Incorporation of Noncoded Amino Acids into Peptides
John M. Humphrey† and A. Richard Chamberlin*
Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2243-2266 Advances in Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis toward the Generation of
Natural Product-like Libraries
Jyoti P. Nandy,† Michael Prakesch,†,‡ Shahriar Khadem,†,§ P. Thirupathi Reddy,† Utpal Sharma,† and
Prabhat Arya*,†,‡
Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 1999–2060
Upstream как всегда правDue to slow coupling rates, oxazolone or oxazolonium
ion formation is more prevalent when acylating
N-methylamines than primary amines. This poses
a special problem with Boc-protected amino acids
during activation, because the Boc-oxazolonium ions
decompose to N-carboxyanhydride derivatives (via
loss of the tert-butyl cation) much more readily than
do the Cbz- or Fmoc-protected derivatives (Chart 5).
Regardless of the epimerization that also accompanies
oxazolone formation, the low yields that result
from this decomposition make Boc protection a poor
choice for acylating secondary amines.
ЛитератураThe key features of
their synthesis were (i) the use of N-Boc protected amino
acids in every step (compared to N-Fmoc protected residues)
to reduce the possibility of diketopiperazine formation
Amino Acid-Protecting Groups
Albert Isidro-Llobet,† Mercedes A´ lvarez,*,†,‡,§ and Fernando Albericio*,†,‡,|
Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2455–2504 Chemical Synthesis of Natural Product Peptides: Coupling Methods for the
Incorporation of Noncoded Amino Acids into Peptides
John M. Humphrey† and A. Richard Chamberlin*
Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2243-2266 Advances in Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis toward the Generation of
Natural Product-like Libraries
Jyoti P. Nandy,† Michael Prakesch,†,‡ Shahriar Khadem,†,§ P. Thirupathi Reddy,† Utpal Sharma,† and
Prabhat Arya*,†,‡
Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 1999–2060
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
Сос она же Нос - циклогексилоксикарбонильная защита, один из последних штрихов к портрету Вос-методологии
Предложена Сакакибарой и Ко в начале 90-х (под его же эгидой чуть позднее был синтезирован GFP)
2suprachemister: Считайте, Студент, что по навыкам поиска хим. информации в сети и по первичной рекогносцировке/ориентации на местности в области пептидной химии у вас зачёты-автоматы!

Но начинать с Ваших находок серьёзное знакомство с предметом КАТЕГОРИЧЕСКИ ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНО! Начинать нужно с классиков жанра и в первую очередь раздобыть переведённый первый том 9-томника
Peptides. (Gross, E.; Meierthofer, J., Eds.) Academic Press: New York, 1979; Vol. 1 ака Пептиды. Методы образования пептидной связи. Из остальных, которые не переводились и в сети не доступны, обязательны для выборочного изучения 2,3,5 и 9 тома. Наиболее важные разделы из них я планирую отсканировать и расшарить в память об уходящих классиках.
Из классиков на Гигапедии доступны:
Leo N. Benoiton. Chemistry of Peptide Synthesis. CRC Press, 2005
G. C. Barrett, D. T. Elmore. Amino Acids and Peptides. 2004
их можно смело читать - не ошибётесь.
2suprachemister: Считайте, Студент, что по навыкам поиска хим. информации в сети и по первичной рекогносцировке/ориентации на местности в области пептидной химии у вас зачёты-автоматы!
Но начинать с Ваших находок серьёзное знакомство с предметом КАТЕГОРИЧЕСКИ ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНО! Начинать нужно с классиков жанра и в первую очередь раздобыть переведённый первый том 9-томника
Peptides. (Gross, E.; Meierthofer, J., Eds.) Academic Press: New York, 1979; Vol. 1 ака Пептиды. Методы образования пептидной связи. Из остальных, которые не переводились и в сети не доступны, обязательны для выборочного изучения 2,3,5 и 9 тома. Наиболее важные разделы из них я планирую отсканировать и расшарить в память об уходящих классиках.
Из классиков на Гигапедии доступны:
Leo N. Benoiton. Chemistry of Peptide Synthesis. CRC Press, 2005
G. C. Barrett, D. T. Elmore. Amino Acids and Peptides. 2004
их можно смело читать - не ошибётесь.
Re: Твердофазный синтез пептидов, FMOC против BOC
На мой взгляд, лаборатории/группе, специализирующейся сугубо на пептидном синтезе, по мере возможности необходимо владеть и Boc-, и Fmoc-синтезом, а также синтезом пептидов в растворе. У каждого направления есть свои преимущества и недостатки и свои проблемы, в том числе и организационные. Например, Семакс и его аналоги и подобные им пептиды на твердой фазе не синтезируешь. И вот ещё штрих. Когда у нас в лаборатории не было возможностей препаративного синтеза пептидов, мы искали, где бы заказать один пептид с остатком Gln в середине. В том числе обратились, похоже, к коллеге под ником Upstream. Он ответил, что в ходе синтеза возможен 50%-ный выход побочного продукта - укороченного пептида с пиро-Glu на N-конце. Пептид этот мы потом заказали в ИБХ в Москве, синтезировали его из Fmoc-AA с хорошим выходом и высокой степенью чистоты (мы потом сами проверяли). Позже мы сами повторили синтез этого пептида на автоматическом синтезаторе, тоже из Fmoc-AA, с таким же хорошим результатом. Но есть пептиды, за синтез которых из Fmoc-AA мы не возьмемся, а прямо отправим заказчика к Upstream
и другим, кто работает с Вос/Bzl химией. У нас в лаборатории, к сожалению, наладить Вос-синтез невозможно скорее по организационным причинам, как и Робину Даскину, цитируемому Upstream: в пределах 3-го кольца в Москве никто сейчас не позволит организовать новую лабораторию, использующую "тяжёлую" химию в виде HF. C TFA у нас за 19 лет никаких инцидентов не было. Правда, препаративным пептидным синтезом мы занимаемся только с 2004 г. Ну, а множественный параллельный синтез на иглах я просто не представляю себе, как можно проводить с Boc/Bzl химией, да к тому же в одной комнате с коллегами, которые ставят ИФА. От сотрудников лаборатории химии пептидов я слышала, что в старом здании ИБХ им. Шемякина была отдельная комната для работы с HF (я сама работала в другой лаборатории).
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